stackexchange.com

Observed Jul 21, 2026, 19:59 UTC (2d ago). Every field below was attested with an Ed25519 signature at scan time. Catalog observation, re-checked on rotation — watch it for 5-minute checks.

Verify this receipt yourself + Watch this domain

Up right now

Runs onCloudflare

Email byGoogle Workspace

Secured byLet's Encrypt

Also usesGoogle Search Console

tranco_5k

Every line above is a signed observation. Check the math at the bottom of the page.

INFRASTRUCTURE MAPwhat stackexchange.com actually stands on - every host below is a signed observation

stackexchange.com

A / AAAA

198.252.206.1

Cloudflareserves the site

damian.ns.cloudflare.comsureena.ns.cloudflare.com

cloudflare.comanswers its DNS

aspmx.l.google.comalt3.aspmx.l.google.comalt4.aspmx.l.google.comalt1.aspmx.l.google.com+1 more

Google Workspacereceives its email

TLS

stackexchange.com

Let's Encryptissued its certificate

DNS Records

A 1

198.252.206.1

MX 5

1aspmx.l.google.com
10alt3.aspmx.l.google.com
10alt4.aspmx.l.google.com
5alt1.aspmx.l.google.com
5alt2.aspmx.l.google.com

TXT 5

OSGRXZDHB
google-site-verification=PbDz-gjfB8Zt-6fgjpPjyh5-Qo2HsJp95qHdq4E0Gvk
lucid-verify-Ru9jD4dmh4XuV3h
v=spf1 ip4:52.38.191.241 include:_spf1.stackexchange.com ~all
v=DMARC1; p=reject; pct=100; rua=mailto:dmarc-aggregates@stackoverflow.com; ruf=mailto:dmarc-forensics@stackoverflow.com; fo=1

NS 2

damian.ns.cloudflare.com
sureena.ns.cloudflare.com

SOA 1

damian.ns.cloudflare.com dns.cloudflare.com

CAA 13

issue "comodoca.com"
issue "digicert.com; cansignhttpexchanges=yes"
issue "letsencrypt.org"
issue "pki.goog; cansignhttpexchanges=yes"
issue "sectigo.com"
issue "ssl.com"
issuewild "comodoca.com"
issuewild "digicert.com; cansignhttpexchanges=yes"
issuewild "letsencrypt.org"
issuewild "pki.goog; cansignhttpexchanges=yes"

TLS Certificates (4)

Common Name	Issuer	Expires
`stackexchange.com`	C=US, O=Let's Encrypt, CN=YE2	Wed, 16 Sep 2026 06:02:09 +0000
`YE2`	C=US, O=ISRG, CN=Root YE	Sat, 02 Sep 2028 23:59:59 +0000
`Root YE`	C=US, O=Internet Security Research Group, CN=ISRG Root X2	Thu, 02 Sep 2032 23:59:59 +0000
`ISRG Root X2`	C=US, O=Internet Security Research Group, CN=ISRG Root X1	Thu, 02 Sep 2032 23:59:59 +0000

Subdomains (0)

None observed.

The proof

Signed at scan time. Check the math yourself. Every line above is part of one signed observation. Re-hash it and check the Ed25519 signature in your own browser; nothing leaves your machine.

Verify this receipt

Put the receipt on your own site. A live badge showing what DomainDrift observes and signs for stackexchange.com. It updates itself. It attests a signed observation - not that the site is safe.

<a href="https://domaindrift.io/t/stackexchange.com">
  <img src="https://domaindrift.io/badge/stackexchange.com.svg"
       width="300" height="64" alt="DomainDrift signed observations for stackexchange.com">
</a>

Ed25519 Receipt

Receipt ID: rcpt_6428451269160c73
Output Hash: dddfdadcd230cc83571dde66daf42f98acfb26aea3a8117020cea3d462ac7b1f
Signature: ed25519:a060de9ab6a6562e6ff2249826bd84b28939ce18c75768cb6724bb414373d25a8e91dece508a7f5f5cb9e4d2bc2ad417177d3c2d2b8d0d571b7e25b3c3193108
Public Key: ed25519:178c3bd0f57d9d64b83cc4630753381e1a465005a2bbba3d032371f24af0bfd8
Parent: (genesis)
Plane: fast

Verify this in your browser

Permalink: https://domaindrift.io/t/stackexchange.com